In the United States, most prayer apps default to a “15 degree” Fajr time. But there is a strong position that Fajr starts earlier at “18 degrees.”

When it comes to our actions, the “halal and haram” of daily life, four acceptable approaches have been reliably transmitted from teacher to student until today. We call these four approaches the Hanafi, Maliki, Shafi’i, and Hanbali madhhabs. They provide principles that tell us whether a given action is required, recommended, neutral, disliked, or sinful.

With texting and digital communication being so widespread, taking two minutes to learn how to best make a digital reference to our beloved Prophet ﷺ is a subtle but important step.